常州朗阁8月21日雅思阅读考题回顾

　　1. P1 泰晤士河隧道

　　2. P2 针对孩子的广告

　　3. P3 植物如何传播种子

　　朗阁讲师点评

　　1. 本场考试的整体难度中等

　　2. 整体分析：涉及生物类(P3)，社科类(P2)以及科技类(P1)。

　　本次考试题型组合均为剑桥真题常规题型组合，文章和题目难度中等。

　　3.部分答案及参考文章：

　　Passage 1 泰晤士河隧道

　　文章内容待回忆

　　题型组合：判断+填空

　　参考答案：

　　1. NOT GIVEN

　　2. TRUE

　　3. TRUE

　　4. FALSE

　　5. TRUE

　　6. NOT GIVEN

　　7. 待确认

　　8. FALSE

　　9-13summary

　　9. technique

　　10. solidarity

　　11. headache

　　12. accidents

　　13. government

　　Passage 2：针对孩子的广告

　　文章内容待回忆

　　题型组合：匹配题+填空+选择

　　参考答案：

　　14-20匹配题，待回忆

　　21-23填空

　　21. role-play

　　22. selling

　　23. persuasive intend

　　24-25选择

　　24. E

　　25. B

　　相关话题文章参考：

　　A ) Children’s food promotion is dominated by television advertising, and the great majority of this promotes the so-called Big Four' of pre-sugared breakfast cereals, soft-drinks, confectionary and savoury snacks. In the last ten years advertising for fast food outlets has rapidly increased. There I is some evidence that the dominance of television has recently begun to wane. The importance of strong, global branding reinforces a need for multi-faceted communications combining television with merchandising, tie-ins' and point of sale activity. The advertised diet contrasts sharply with that recommended by public health advisors, and themes of fun and fantasy or taste, rather than health and nutrition, are used to promote it to children.

　　Meanwhile, the recommended diet gets little promotional support.

　　B ) There is plenty of evidence that children notice and enjoy food promotion. However, establishing whether this actually influences them is a complex problem. The review tackled it by looking at studies that had examined possible effects on what children know about food, their food preferences, their actual food behavior (both buying and eating), and their health outcomes (e.g. obesity or cholesterol levels). The majority of studies examined food advertising, but a few examined other forms of food promotion. In terms of nutritional knowledge, food advertising seems to have little influence on children's general perceptions of what constitutes a healthy diet, but, in certain contexts, it does have an effect on more specific types of nutritional knowledge. For example, seeing soft drink and cereal adverts reduced primary aged children's ability to determine correctly whether or not certain products contained real fruit.

　　C ) The review also found evidence that food promotion influences children's food preferences and their purchase behavior. A study of primary school children, for instance, found that exposure to advertising influenced which foods they claimed to like; and another showed that labeling and signage on a vending machine had an effect on what was bought by secondary school pupils. A number of studies have also shown that food advertising can influence what children eat. One, for example, showed that advertising influenced a primary class's choice of daily snack at playtime.

　　D ) The next step, of trying to establish whether or not a link exists between food promotion and diet or obesity, is extremely difficult as it requires research to be done in real world settings. A number of studies have attempted this by using amount of television viewing as a proxy for exposure to television advertising. They have established a clear link between television viewing and diet, obesity, and cholesterol levels. It is impossible to say, however, whether this effect is caused by the advertising, the sedentary nature of television viewing or snacking that might take place whilst viewing. One study resolved this problem by taking a detailed diary of children's viewing habits. This showed that the more food adverts they saw, the more snacks and calories they consumed.

　　E ) Thus the literature does suggest food promotion is influencing children's diet in a number of ways. This does not amount to proof; as noted above with this kind of research, incontrovertible proof simply isn’t attainable. Nor do all studies point to this conclusion; several have not found an effect. In addition, very few studies have attempted to measure how strong these effects are relative to other factors influencing children’s food choices. Nonetheless, many studies have found clear effects and they have used sophisticated methodologies that make it possible to determine that i) these effects are not just due to chance; ii) they are independent of other factors that may influence diet, such as parents’ eating habits or attitudes; and iii) they occur at a brand and category level.

　　F ) Furthermore, two factors suggest that these findings actually downplay the effect that food promotion has on children. First, the literature focuses principally on television advertising; the cumulative effect of this combined with other forms of promotion and marketing is likely to be significantly greater. Second, the studies have looked at direct effects on individual children, and understate indirect influences. For example, promotion for fast food outlets may not only influence the child, but also encourage parents to take them for meals and reinforce the idea that this is a normal and desirable behavior.

　　G ) This does not amount to proof of an effect, but in our view does provide sufficient evidence to conclude that an effect exists. The debate should now shift to what action is needed, and specifically to how the power of commercial marketing can be used to bring about improvements in young people's eating.

　　Passage 3：植物如何传播种子

　　文章内容待回忆

　　题型组合：待回忆

　　考试建议

　　1. 本场考试话题类型多样，整体文章难度中等。前两篇文章中的题型组合均为剑桥真题中常见的题型组合。本场考试出现了多选题，岁让出题量不大，但定位的时候相对难度较大，需要根据题干中的具体情况确定定位思路，如果没有出现特殊定位词的话尽量考虑从文章开头的地方定位。考生平时备考时需要重点关注一下同义转换的积累，同义转换对于定位及最终确定答案都有很大的影响。

　　2. 下场考试的话题可能有关生物类和社科类。

　　3. 重点浏览2014到2018年机经。

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